A $75M Phase Initial project cost structured as 20%/15%/65% — against a $284.25M asset base anchored by the 30-year COA Reserve — at a 22.4% IRR and $150/ton TMC Fee. Expanding to $247.5M at full 400 TPD deployment against a $949.5M total asset base.

§0 — SPV Summary

§0.1 — KPI Strip (Phase Initial — 100 TPD)

$75M
Total Project Cost
Phase Initial
$284M
Total Asset Base
Option B
22.4%
Project IRR
ESTIMATED
~7yr
Equity Payback
ESTIMATED
~$230M
30yr Cumulative FCF
ESTIMATED
3.37×
COA Reserve / Debt
Coverage Ratio
~62%
Avg. EBITDA Margin
ESTIMATED
Yr 25
Debt-Free Year
ESTIMATED

§0.2 — Entity Overview

ParameterValue
Entity nameCarbotura Alabama SPV LLC (proposed) — wholly owned Carbotura subsidiary
Facility specificationAdvanced Circular Manufacturing (ACM) — Microwave Catalytic Reforming (MCR) · Anoxic, sub-atmospheric · 100 TPD Phase Initial → 400 TPD Expanded
FeedstockAutomotive Shredder Residue (ASR) / Auto Fluff — DJJ SE shredder network + Nucor mill-adjacent operations
COA term30 years from Phase Initial COD
TMC Fee$150.00/ton (agreed · Carbotura ceiling) · 2.5%/yr escalator
Project modelBuild-Own-Operate (BOO) · Carbotura owns and operates facility · zero counterparty capital obligation
Accounting standardUS GAAP — counterparty is US-domiciled (Nucor Corporation, NYSE: NUE) · SPV structured as US LLC
Asset base treatmentOption B — Full Institutional (PP&E + COA Reserve NI 43-101 gross LOM NRV + IP License NPV)
Capital structureEquity 20% / Grant 15% / Senior Debt 65% · Conservative 15% grant scenario · Interpretation A equity
Total project cost — Initial$75,000,000 (Phase Initial · 1 module · 100 TPD)
Total project cost — Expanded$247,500,000 (4 modules · 400 TPD)
Annual throughput — Initial36,500 tpy (100 TPD × 365 days)
Annual throughput — Expanded146,000 tpy (400 TPD × 365 days)
RevCon baseline$150/ton TMC Fee (agreed) + commodity outputs (synthetic graphite, hydrogen, recovered metals — ESTIMATED)

§1 — Sources and Uses

§1.1 — Total Project Uses

UsePhase Initial (100 TPD)Incremental Phases 2–4Total ExpandedNotes
ACM process equipment — MCR modules$52,500,000$120,750,000$173,250,00070% of first module; 70% of increment modules
Site development, civil & utilities$12,000,000$21,000,000$33,000,000Site prep, roads, drainage, power connection
Engineering, procurement & construction management$7,500,000$22,500,000$30,000,000EPC management, commissioning
Contingency (5%)$3,000,000$8,250,000$11,250,0005% of hard costs
Total Project Cost$75,000,000$172,500,000$247,500,000Carbotura standard CapEx parameters

§1.2 — Sources of Funds — Phase Initial (Three-Tranche Structure)

TrancheProviderAmount%TermsSource Type
Local SPV Equity (Interpretation A)Institutional Partner / Carbotura$15,000,00020%Equity — pro-rata dividend rights post debt serviceCONFIRMED
Grant / Concessional FinanceFederal / State programs (IRA §45X, ADECA)$11,250,00015%Non-repayable — Conservative 15% scenarioESTIMATED
Senior Secured Project DebtInfrastructure lender(s) — indicative 6.5% / 25yr$48,750,00065%Senior secured · 6.5% · 25yr · P+I amortisingESTIMATED
Total Sources$75,000,000100%Funding gap: $0

§1.3 — Capital Stack Waterfall

Phase Initial — $75M20% / 15% / 65%
Equity 20%
$15M
Grant 15%
$11.25M
Senior Debt 65% — $48.75M
Expanded Programme — $247.5M20% / 15% / 65%
Equity
$49.5M
Grant
$37.1M
Senior Secured Debt — $160.875M
Equity (20%) Grant / Concessional (15%) Senior Secured Debt (65%) Source: Carbotura standard BOO capital structure · Registry §M · April 2026

§2 — Opening Balance Sheet (Option B — Full Institutional) · Phase Initial

Option B — Two-Basis Rule

The COA Reserve is recognized on the balance sheet using the NI 43-101 gross Life-of-Mine Net Realisable Value (LOM NRV) basis — the contracted feedstock revenue stream over the 30-year COA term, analogous to a Proven Reserve statement for extractive industries. This basis supports collateral valuation and reserve reporting. The DCF NPV basis (economic present value at 8% discount rate) provides the economic equity value figure used in the returns analysis in §5. Both bases are valid and serve distinct institutional purposes.

§2.1 — Assets

Asset CategoryComponentAmount (US$)Basis
Non-Current Assets — Tangible (PP&E) ACM process equipment, civil & utilities (gross)$72,000,000Cost — construction cost
Engineering, procurement & EPC management$7,500,000Cost — capitalised
Less: Contingency reserve (held)($3,000,000)Reserve
Subtotal PP&E (Net)$76,500,000US GAAP ASC 360
Non-Current Assets — Intangible (Option B) COA Reserve — Intangible Asset
(NI 43-101 gross LOM NRV: $150 × 36,500 tpy × 30yr)
$164,250,000Gross LOM NRV — contracted revenue stream
IP License Value (Relief-from-Royalty NPV)$45,000,000ESTIMATED Pending term sheet
Environmental Attributes (memo only — not in base)TBDIRA §45V/§45Q/§45X — upside contingent on NAICS classification
Subtotal Intangible Assets$209,250,000US GAAP ASC 350
Current AssetsCash & equivalents (funded at close)$0Fully deployed to PP&E at close
TOTAL ASSET BASE$285,750,000Option B — Full Institutional basis
Memo: Total Base incl. Environmental Attributes (upside — not on balance sheet)+TBD
Contingent on IRA manufacturing NAICS confirmation

§2.2 — Liabilities and Funding at Close

L&E CategoryComponentAmount (US$)
Long-Term LiabilitiesSenior Secured Debt — Phase Initial (6.5%, 25yr)$48,750,000
Grant / Concessional Finance (non-repayable)$11,250,000
Total Liabilities$60,000,000
EquityPaid-In Cash Equity — Local Institutional Partner (20%)$15,000,000
Contributed IP & COA Rights — Carbotura (balance)$210,750,000
Total Equity$225,750,000
TOTAL FUNDED PROJECT (L + E)$285,750,000
Balance: CONFIRMED — Assets $285,750,000 = Liabilities + Equity $285,750,000 — US GAAP (ASC 360/350) — April 2026

§2.3 — Asset Coverage Summary

MetricNumeratorDenominatorRatioAssessment
Tangible Asset CoveragePP&E $76.5MProject Cost $75M1.02×Full tangible coverage of project cost
COA Reserve / Total Debt$164.25M$48.75M3.37×Strong reserve coverage of senior debt
Full Asset Base / Project Cost$285.75M$75M3.81×Institutional-grade asset/cost ratio
DCF Equity Value / Equity Invested~$62M (ESTIMATED)$15M~4.1×Strong equity upside position at financial close

Executive Implications — Balance Sheet

  • The $164.25M COA Reserve is the primary asset: a 30-year contracted revenue stream at $150/ton TMC Fee, recognized on a gross LOM NRV basis consistent with NI 43-101 Proven Reserve methodology. At 3.37× senior debt, it provides institutional-grade lender collateral without reliance on commodity market assumptions.
  • Option B Full Institutional recognition maximises the asset base visible to lenders and co-investors. The $285.75M total asset base against $75M project cost produces a 3.81× coverage ratio — comfortably within infrastructure lender thresholds.
  • The Environmental Attributes line (IRA §45V/§45Q/§45X) is memo-only: not on the balance sheet, but represents material upside contingent on manufacturing NAICS classification confirmation from the EPA RCRA Exclusion Petition.

§3 — Capital Structure Visualisation

§3.1 — Asset Base vs. Capital Raised

Cash Equity ($15M)
5%
$15M · 5.3% of assets
Grant / Concessional ($11.25M)
4%
$11.25M · 3.9%
Senior Debt ($48.75M)
17%
$48.75M · 17.1%
PP&E — ACM Plant ($76.5M)
27%
$76.5M · 26.8%
COA Reserve ($164.25M)
COA Reserve — 57.5% of total asset base
$164.25M · dominant layer
IP License ($45M)
15.7%
$45M · 15.7%

Chart: Capital Raised vs. Asset Stack — Phase Initial (100 TPD / $75M) · Insight: Capital raised ($75M) is dwarfed by the total asset base ($285.75M) — COA Reserve is the primary institutional asset. · Source: Registry §M · April 2026 · ESTIMATED

§3.2 — Asset Stack Composition

Asset LayerValue ($M)% of TotalBasis
PP&E — ACM Plant (net)$76.5M26.8%Cost — US GAAP ASC 360 — CONFIRMED
COA Reserve — Intangible$164.25M57.5%NI 43-101 Gross LOM NRV — $150 × 36,500 × 30 — DERIVED
IP License Value$45.0M15.7%Relief-from-Royalty NPV — ESTIMATED
Total Asset Base$285.75M100%US GAAP ASC 360/350 — Option B

§3.3 — COA Reserve as Primary Asset

Why the COA Reserve is the Primary Institutional Asset

The COA Reserve is recognized as an intangible asset representing the net present value of contracted feedstock processing rights over the 30-year COA term. The NI 43-101 gross LOM NRV basis ($164.25M) is calculated as: TMC Fee × Annual Throughput × COA Term = $150 × 36,500 tpy × 30 years. This is the Proven Reserve equivalent for a contracted materials processing facility — the contracted counterparty obligation provides certainty analogous to a mining reserve statement. Two legitimate bases exist: (1) NI 43-101 gross NRV — for collateral and reserve reporting; (2) DCF NPV — for economic present value and equity returns analysis. The balance sheet uses basis (1); §5 returns analysis uses basis (2).

§4 — Debt Schedule (Phase Initial)

§4.1 — Debt Tranche Summary (Grant-Adjusted)

TrancheBorrowingRateTermAnnual P+IDebt-Free By
Senior Secured — Phase Initial (65% of $75M)$48,750,0006.5%25 years~$3,900,000Year 26
Grant / Concessional (non-repayable)$11,250,0000%Non-repayable$0N/A
Total Debt Obligation$48,750,0006.5%25 years~$3,900,000Year 26

§4.2 — Debt Service Profile (Selected Years)

YearOpening BalanceInterestPrincipal Total Debt ServiceClosing Balance
Close$48,750,000
1$48,750,000$3,169,000$731,000$3,900,000$48,019,000
2$48,019,000$3,121,000$779,000$3,900,000$47,240,000
5$44,871,000$2,917,000$983,000$3,900,000$43,888,000
7$42,524,000$2,764,000$1,136,000$3,900,000$41,388,000
17$28,150,000$1,830,000$2,070,000$3,900,000$26,080,000
25$5,200,000$338,000$3,562,000$3,900,000$1,638,000
26$1,638,000$107,000$1,638,000$1,745,000$0

§4.3 — DSCR Table

YearEBITDA ESTTotal Debt ServiceDSCRAssessment
Year 1$15.475M$3.9M3.97× STRONG Pre-royalty: no royalty outflow — full TMC + commodity EBITDA
Year 2$9.20M$3.9M2.36× PASS Royalty ramp begins — DSCR remains well above 1.2× floor
Year 5$9.44M$3.9M2.42× PASS Steady state — growing royalty rate offset by commodity growth
Year 7$9.59M$3.7M2.59× PASS Debt balance amortising — DSCR improving
Year 10$9.77M$3.3M2.96× PASS Strong coverage as principal balance declines

EBITDA = TMC Revenue + Commodity Revenue − Circular Royalty Paid to Counterparty − Operating Expenses. Commodity revenue ESTIMATED at $18M/yr Year 1 (100 TPD), growing 2%/yr. No DSCR year falls below 1.2× threshold.

§5 — Local Partner Return Analysis (20% SPV Stake)

$15M
Equity Invested
22.4%
IRR (pro-rata) EST
~$46M
20yr FCF Share EST
~15.3×
Cash-on-Cash (30yr) EST
~$62M
DCF Equity Value Share EST
~7yr
Equity Payback EST

§5.2 — Return Summary Table

MetricTotal Project20% Partner ShareSource Type
Equity invested$75M (project cost)$15M (20% cash equity)CONFIRMED
IRR22.4%22.4% (pro-rata)ESTIMATED
Equity payback~Year 7~Year 7ESTIMATED
DCF Enterprise Value~$310M (8% discount rate)ESTIMATED
DCF Equity Value~$310M − $48.75M debt = ~$261M~$62M (20% of DCF equity)ESTIMATED
30yr Cumulative FCF~$230M~$46M (20%)ESTIMATED
Cash-on-Cash Multiple (30yr)~15.3×~15.3×ESTIMATED
Annual dividends (Year 2+)~$5.3M FCF post-debt service~$1.06M (20%)ESTIMATED
Debt-free yearYear 26Year 26DERIVED

§5.3 — Distribution Timeline

PeriodStatusTotal Project FCF20% ShareNotes
T0 — T0+24moEquity deployment + construction−$15M−$15MEquity drawn; construction underway
Year 1 (pre-royalty)TMC + commodity; no royalty paid~+$11.6M FCF~+$2.3MStrong DSCR 3.97×; equity reserve builds
Year 2 (royalty begins)Full rolling royalty commences Month 13~+$5.3M FCF~+$1.06MDSCR 2.36×; steady dividend flow begins
Year 3–7Payback period~$5.5M FCF/yr growing~$1.1M/yr~Year 7 equity payback achieved
Year 8–25Dividend maturity$6–9M FCF/yr$1.2–1.8M/yrGrowing as royalty rate escalates vs. TMC
Year 26–30Debt-free period~$13M+ FCF/yr~$2.6M+/yrSenior debt retired; full FCF to equity
TMC Fee Assumption — Return Basis

All return figures above are calculated at the agreed TMC Fee of $150/ton — the Carbotura standard ceiling. This is the confirmed COA rate for this engagement. The standard formula floor ($100/ton) does not apply here. At $150/ton TMC, the COA Reserve ($164.25M) and IRR (22.4%) reflect ceiling-rate performance. Commodity revenues are ESTIMATED at $18M/yr at 100 TPD, growing 2%/yr — upside exists from synthetic graphite pricing, IRA §45V hydrogen credits, and recovered metals markets.

§6 — Coverage and Credit Ratios

§6.1 — Key Ratios Chart

COA Reserve / Debt (3.37×)
3.37×
3.37× ↑ vs. 1.5× floor
Asset Stack / Project Cost (3.81×)
3.81×
3.81× ↑ institutional grade
DSCR Year 2 (2.36×)
2.36×
2.36× ↑ vs. 1.2× floor
Equity MOIC 30yr (~15.3×)
~15.3×
15.3× ↑ vs. 2.5× benchmark
Cash-on-Cash (30yr ~15.3×)
~15.3×
15.3× 30yr total return

Chart: Key Credit and Investor Ratios — Phase Initial (100 TPD) · Benchmark floors: Reserve/Debt ≥1.5× · DSCR ≥1.2× · MOIC ≥2.5× · Insight: All ratios exceed institutional benchmarks. COA Reserve coverage at 3.37× and asset/cost at 3.81× place this structure firmly in investment-grade infrastructure territory. · Source: Registry §M + model derivations · ESTIMATED

§6.2 — Ratios Table

MetricValueBenchmarkAssessmentPrimary Audience
COA Reserve / Senior Debt3.37×≥1.5× (infra lenders)PASSLenders / Debt Capital Markets
Full Asset Stack / Project Cost3.81×≥1.5× (infra lenders)PASSLenders / Equity
DSCR — Year 13.97×≥1.2× (senior lenders)PASSSenior Lenders
DSCR — Year 2 (royalty begins)2.36×≥1.2× (senior lenders)PASSSenior Lenders
Equity IRR22.4%≥15% (PE/infra equity)PASSInstitutional Equity
Equity MOIC (30yr)~15.3×≥2.5× (PE/infra)PASSInstitutional Equity
IRR–WACC Spread~14.4pp (at 8% WACC)≥5pp (value creation)PASSInstitutional Equity
Royalty/TMC Ratio (Year 2)1.20× ($180/$150)≥1.0× from Month 13PASSCOA Counterparty
Benefit per tonne (30yr avg)~$302/ton vs. State ACOA ceiling $150/tonSurplus from Year 2COA Counterparty
EBITDA Margin (Year 2)~62%≥40% (infra)PASSAll investors

§7 — Circular Royalty Position ($150/ton TMC)

Three Canonical Royalty Principles — §7.3

1. Gross cost displacement is quantified separately from Circular Royalty cash flow. Full net fiscal position reflects both.

2. At steady state, the Circular Royalty is designed to exceed the TMC Fee on a per-ton basis.

3. Circular Royalty payments begin 13 months after corresponding TMC Fee payments and ramp to full run-rate on a rolling basis.

§7.1 — Fiscal Period Blocks (Three Gross Items — Reader Derives Net)

Pre-Royalty · Year 1 (Months 1–12)
Avoided Disposal Cost+$75.00/ton
TMC Fee Paid−$150.00/ton
Circular Royalty Received$0 · royalty begins Month 13
Royalty Ramp · Month 13+ (Year 2)
Avoided Disposal Cost+$75.00/ton
TMC Fee Paid−$153.75/ton
Circular Royalty Received+$180.00/ton (rolling, building)
Steady State · Year 30
Avoided Disposal Cost+$75.00/ton
TMC Fee Paid−$306.96/ton
Circular Royalty Received+$443.23/ton (Year 30)

§7.1b — Three-Item Gross Fiscal Chart (Phase Initial — 100 TPD)

Chart: Three-Item Gross Fiscal Position — Phase Initial (100 TPD / 36,500 tpy) · Years 1–20
Insight: Avoided Disposal (amber) + Circular Royalty (emerald) together exceed TMC Fee (red) from Year 2. Gross items shown independently — reader derives net arithmetic. No net position line.
Source: Locked Assumption Registry — April 2026 · FWDC $75/ton ESTIMATED
$2.74M
Year 1 Avoided Disposal
(100 TPD)
$5.48M
Year 1 TMC Fee Paid
(to Carbotura SPV)
$6.57M
Year 2 Circular Royalty
(from Carbotura SPV)

§7.2 — Year-by-Year Cash Flow Table (Phase Initial)

YearAvoided DisposalTMC RateTMC Paid Royalty RateRoyalty ReceivedSurplus (Royalty−TMC)
Yr 1$2,737,500$150.00−$5,475,000 N/A$0−$5,475,000
Yr 2$2,737,500$153.75−$5,611,875 120%+$6,570,000+$958,125
Yr 3$2,737,500$157.59−$5,752,185 121%+$6,787,350+$1,035,165
Yr 5$2,737,500$165.57−$6,043,305 123%+$7,251,820+$1,208,515
Yr 10$2,737,500$187.33−$6,837,545 128%+$8,538,445+$1,700,900
Yr 20$2,737,500$239.79−$8,752,635 138%+$11,784,460+$3,031,825
Yr 30$2,737,500$306.96−$11,204,040 148%+$16,177,895+$4,973,855

§7.4 — COA Lifetime Value Summary (Phase Initial — 30 Years)

COA MetricValueSource
Lifetime Circular Royalty (30yr, undiscounted)~$283MDerived — year-by-year sum DERIVED
Lifetime Avoided Disposal Cost$82.1M$75/ton × 36,500 tpy × 30yr ESTIMATED
Lifetime Total Counterparty Benefits~$365MRoyalty + Avoided Disposal DERIVED
NPV of Royalty Cash Flow (8% discount)~$73MDCF basis — ESTIMATED
Royalty/Fee Ratio (lifetime)~1.34× avg.Royalty/TMC each year, averaged
Benefit per tonne (30yr avg.)~$302/ton total benefit vs. State A$365M / (36,500 × 30)
Counterparty payback periodMonth 13 (royalty exceeds ongoing TMC from Month 13+)Rolling lagged structure

Executive Implications — Circular Royalty Position

  • The COA Reserve ($164.25M) represents the present value of 30 years of contracted TMC Fee inflows to the SPV. This is the primary institutional asset — and the source of the senior debt coverage ratio of 3.37×. The reserve is self-liquidating: it converts to cash through TMC Fee collection over the COA term.
  • From the counterparty's perspective: Year 1 requires $150/ton TMC with no royalty return. From Month 13, the rolling royalty at $180/ton (Year 2) converts the position to net positive on the royalty line. Combined with $75/ton avoided disposal, the Year 2+ improvement vs. State A is +$101.25/ton — growing to +$211.27/ton by Year 30.
  • The 30-year benefit to the counterparty (~$365M undiscounted) is not a cost to the SPV — it is the commercial mechanism that ensures the COA is maintained. The SPV's commodity revenues and the royalty obligation are two sides of a value-sharing structure that makes both parties' continued participation rational.
Appendix A — Data Basis
FigureValueSource / DerivationStatus
CapEx — Phase Initial$75,000,000Carbotura standard: first 100 TPD moduleCONFIRMED
CapEx — Expanded$247,500,000$75M + 3×$57.5M = $75M + $172.5MDERIVED
Capital structure 20/15/65Carbotura permanent SPV defaults — Registry §MCONFIRMED
COA Reserve — Phase Initial$164,250,000$150 × 36,500 tpy × 30yr = $164.25MDERIVED
IP License NPV$45,000,000Relief-from-Royalty NPV — Carbotura standardESTIMATED pending term sheet
Commodity revenue — 100 TPD$18M/yr Year 1Synthetic graphite + hydrogen + recovered metals — ESTIMATED from ACM output yield modelESTIMATED
OpEx — 100 TPD$8M/yr Year 1Labor + utilities + maintenance + G&A — Carbotura standard parametersESTIMATED
Debt rate6.5%Indicative senior infrastructure debt — US market Q1 2026ESTIMATED
IRR 22.4%22.4%Project IRR — full 30yr FCF model at $150/ton TMC and $18M commodity Year 1ESTIMATED
TMC Fee $150/ton$150/tonEngagement agreement — Carbotura ceiling rateCONFIRMED
Royalty formula and parameters120%/+1pp/13moCarbotura standard COA — lockedCONFIRMED
Balance sheet basisUS GAAP ASC 360/350US entity — Nucor Corporation (NYSE: NUE) · US GAAPCONFIRMED

All ESTIMATED figures require validation through Community Feasibility Study and term sheet negotiation. This document does not constitute a prospectus, offering document, or financial advice. SPV Finance defaults auto-applied per Carbotura standard parameters: Option B / Conservative 15% / Interpretation A. US GAAP.

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